This paper summarizes the scientific trends associated with the rapid development of the technique of high-energy X-ray\r\ndiffraction over the past decade pertaining to the field of liquids, glasses, and amorphous materials. The measurement of highquality\r\nX-ray structure factors out to large momentum transfers leads to high-resolution pair distribution functions which can\r\nbe directly compared to theory or combined with data from other experimental techniques. The advantages of combining highly\r\npenetrating radiation with low angle scattering are outlined together with the data analysis procedure and formalism. Also included\r\nare advances in high-energy synchrotron beamline instrumentation, sample environment equipment, and an overview of the role\r\nof simulation and modeling for interpreting data from disordered materials. Several examples of recent trends in glass and liquid\r\nresearch are described. Finally, directions for future research are considered within the context of past and current developments\r\nin the field.
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